ଅର୍ଥ : A course that provides an introduction to an art or science (or to more advanced study generally).
ସମକକ୍ଷ : propaedeutics
ଅର୍ଥ : Preceding and preparing for something.
ଉଦାହରଣ :
Preparatory steps.
ସମକକ୍ଷ : preparative, preparatory